Direction : Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words are given in bold to help you to locate them while answering some of the questions.
Every technology has its positive and negative sides. It is the social process that controls the use and application of a technology which determines whether a particular technology delivers more good than bad. Unfortunately, the social process controlling the use and application of large dams has been extremely weak in India. Studies on corruption show that corrupt institutions focus much more on the "hardware" of a technology rather than on its "software".
Whether it is corruption, incompetence or plain ignorance, it is a matter of fact that the software of the vast irrigational resources created by large dams has been totally ignored, especially the dimensions of equity and sustainability. How should the water be used? What should be the cropping patterns? How should the water be shared? How are we going to deal With the problem of resettlement? Many such questions remain unaddressed in large irrigation systems built around big dams. The problem of resettlement is going to grow, if nothing else, because of population growth. A watershed that supported one lakh people will today support probably three lakh people and, in the years to come, even more. Will it be easy to resettle so many people?
Many large dams, especially in the humid regions, have not brought many benefits. Even where they have boosted agricultural production, as in the arid, semi-arid and subhumid areas, the irrigational resources, in most cases, have been cornered by the more powerful farmers to grow waterintensive, but high-value, crops like rice and sugarcane, leaving many poor farmers without water.
In any case, large dams mainly benefit farmers in the plains and not farmers in the hill and mountain regions (lands being up and down), which constitute a large part of land area where a number of poor farmers live.
The ultimate problem is that even ifthe most optimistic projections for large dams and inter-basin transfers were to become a reality, a very substantial part of India will not get irrigation facil ities. Uptil now, the Government has not come up with a real programme to address the problems farmers in existing rainfed agricultural lands face. It has simply left these farmers in misery, destitution and poverty. This is where the use of the local rainfall endowment and dependence on local water harvesting, whose potential is not small, to provide not only stability but also increase productivity is critical.

The social process ensures

Direction : Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words are given in bold to help you to locate them while answering some of the questions.
Every technology has its positive and negative sides. It is the social process that controls the use and application of a technology which determines whether a particular technology delivers more good than bad. Unfortunately, the social process controlling the use and application of large dams has been extremely weak in India. Studies on corruption show that corrupt institutions focus much more on the "hardware" of a technology rather than on its "software".
Whether it is corruption, incompetence or plain ignorance, it is a matter of fact that the software of the vast irrigational resources created by large dams has been totally ignored, especially the dimensions of equity and sustainability. How should the water be used? What should be the cropping patterns? How should the water be shared? How are we going to deal With the problem of resettlement? Many such questions remain unaddressed in large irrigation systems built around big dams. The problem of resettlement is going to grow, if nothing else, because of population growth. A watershed that supported one lakh people will today support probably three lakh people and, in the years to come, even more. Will it be easy to resettle so many people?
Many large dams, especially in the humid regions, have not brought many benefits. Even where they have boosted agricultural production, as in the arid, semi-arid and subhumid areas, the irrigational resources, in most cases, have been cornered by the more powerful farmers to grow waterintensive, but high-value, crops like rice and sugarcane, leaving many poor farmers without water.
In any case, large dams mainly benefit farmers in the plains and not farmers in the hill and mountain regions (lands being up and down), which constitute a large part of land area where a number of poor farmers live.
The ultimate problem is that even ifthe most optimistic projections for large dams and inter-basin transfers were to become a reality, a very substantial part of India will not get irrigation facil ities. Uptil now, the Government has not come up with a real programme to address the problems farmers in existing rainfed agricultural lands face. It has simply left these farmers in misery, destitution and poverty. This is where the use of the local rainfall endowment and dependence on local water harvesting, whose potential is not small, to provide not only stability but also increase productivity is critical.

What do you mean by the statement that corrupt institutions focus much more on the "hardware" of a technology rather than on its "software"?

Direction : Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words are given in bold to help you to locate them while answering some of the questions.
Every technology has its positive and negative sides. It is the social process that controls the use and application of a technology which determines whether a particular technology delivers more good than bad. Unfortunately, the social process controlling the use and application of large dams has been extremely weak in India. Studies on corruption show that corrupt institutions focus much more on the "hardware" of a technology rather than on its "software".
Whether it is corruption, incompetence or plain ignorance, it is a matter of fact that the software of the vast irrigational resources created by large dams has been totally ignored, especially the dimensions of equity and sustainability. How should the water be used? What should be the cropping patterns? How should the water be shared? How are we going to deal With the problem of resettlement? Many such questions remain unaddressed in large irrigation systems built around big dams. The problem of resettlement is going to grow, if nothing else, because of population growth. A watershed that supported one lakh people will today support probably three lakh people and, in the years to come, even more. Will it be easy to resettle so many people?
Many large dams, especially in the humid regions, have not brought many benefits. Even where they have boosted agricultural production, as in the arid, semi-arid and subhumid areas, the irrigational resources, in most cases, have been cornered by the more powerful farmers to grow waterintensive, but high-value, crops like rice and sugarcane, leaving many poor farmers without water.
In any case, large dams mainly benefit farmers in the plains and not farmers in the hill and mountain regions (lands being up and down), which constitute a large part of land area where a number of poor farmers live.
The ultimate problem is that even ifthe most optimistic projections for large dams and inter-basin transfers were to become a reality, a very substantial part of India will not get irrigation facil ities. Uptil now, the Government has not come up with a real programme to address the problems farmers in existing rainfed agricultural lands face. It has simply left these farmers in misery, destitution and poverty. This is where the use of the local rainfall endowment and dependence on local water harvesting, whose potential is not small, to provide not only stability but also increase productivity is critical.

The issue of resettlement will get more serious with the passage of time because

Direction : Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words are given in bold to help you to locate them while answering some of the questions.
Every technology has its positive and negative sides. It is the social process that controls the use and application of a technology which determines whether a particular technology delivers more good than bad. Unfortunately, the social process controlling the use and application of large dams has been extremely weak in India. Studies on corruption show that corrupt institutions focus much more on the "hardware" of a technology rather than on its "software".
Whether it is corruption, incompetence or plain ignorance, it is a matter of fact that the software of the vast irrigational resources created by large dams has been totally ignored, especially the dimensions of equity and sustainability. How should the water be used? What should be the cropping patterns? How should the water be shared? How are we going to deal With the problem of resettlement? Many such questions remain unaddressed in large irrigation systems built around big dams. The problem of resettlement is going to grow, if nothing else, because of population growth. A watershed that supported one lakh people will today support probably three lakh people and, in the years to come, even more. Will it be easy to resettle so many people?
Many large dams, especially in the humid regions, have not brought many benefits. Even where they have boosted agricultural production, as in the arid, semi-arid and subhumid areas, the irrigational resources, in most cases, have been cornered by the more powerful farmers to grow waterintensive, but high-value, crops like rice and sugarcane, leaving many poor farmers without water.
In any case, large dams mainly benefit farmers in the plains and not farmers in the hill and mountain regions (lands being up and down), which constitute a large part of land area where a number of poor farmers live.
The ultimate problem is that even ifthe most optimistic projections for large dams and inter-basin transfers were to become a reality, a very substantial part of India will not get irrigation facil ities. Uptil now, the Government has not come up with a real programme to address the problems farmers in existing rainfed agricultural lands face. It has simply left these farmers in misery, destitution and poverty. This is where the use of the local rainfall endowment and dependence on local water harvesting, whose potential is not small, to provide not only stability but also increase productivity is critical.

Rice and sugercane are the crops which

Direction : Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words are given in bold to help you to locate them while answering some of the questions.
Every technology has its positive and negative sides. It is the social process that controls the use and application of a technology which determines whether a particular technology delivers more good than bad. Unfortunately, the social process controlling the use and application of large dams has been extremely weak in India. Studies on corruption show that corrupt institutions focus much more on the "hardware" of a technology rather than on its "software".
Whether it is corruption, incompetence or plain ignorance, it is a matter of fact that the software of the vast irrigational resources created by large dams has been totally ignored, especially the dimensions of equity and sustainability. How should the water be used? What should be the cropping patterns? How should the water be shared? How are we going to deal With the problem of resettlement? Many such questions remain unaddressed in large irrigation systems built around big dams. The problem of resettlement is going to grow, if nothing else, because of population growth. A watershed that supported one lakh people will today support probably three lakh people and, in the years to come, even more. Will it be easy to resettle so many people?
Many large dams, especially in the humid regions, have not brought many benefits. Even where they have boosted agricultural production, as in the arid, semi-arid and subhumid areas, the irrigational resources, in most cases, have been cornered by the more powerful farmers to grow waterintensive, but high-value, crops like rice and sugarcane, leaving many poor farmers without water.
In any case, large dams mainly benefit farmers in the plains and not farmers in the hill and mountain regions (lands being up and down), which constitute a large part of land area where a number of poor farmers live.
The ultimate problem is that even ifthe most optimistic projections for large dams and inter-basin transfers were to become a reality, a very substantial part of India will not get irrigation facil ities. Uptil now, the Government has not come up with a real programme to address the problems farmers in existing rainfed agricultural lands face. It has simply left these farmers in misery, destitution and poverty. This is where the use of the local rainfall endowment and dependence on local water harvesting, whose potential is not small, to provide not only stability but also increase productivity is critical.

Why are large dams not so successful in the hill and mountain regions ?

Direction : Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words are given in bold to help you to locate them while answering some of the questions.
Every technology has its positive and negative sides. It is the social process that controls the use and application of a technology which determines whether a particular technology delivers more good than bad. Unfortunately, the social process controlling the use and application of large dams has been extremely weak in India. Studies on corruption show that corrupt institutions focus much more on the "hardware" of a technology rather than on its "software".
Whether it is corruption, incompetence or plain ignorance, it is a matter of fact that the software of the vast irrigational resources created by large dams has been totally ignored, especially the dimensions of equity and sustainability. How should the water be used? What should be the cropping patterns? How should the water be shared? How are we going to deal With the problem of resettlement? Many such questions remain unaddressed in large irrigation systems built around big dams. The problem of resettlement is going to grow, if nothing else, because of population growth. A watershed that supported one lakh people will today support probably three lakh people and, in the years to come, even more. Will it be easy to resettle so many people?
Many large dams, especially in the humid regions, have not brought many benefits. Even where they have boosted agricultural production, as in the arid, semi-arid and subhumid areas, the irrigational resources, in most cases, have been cornered by the more powerful farmers to grow waterintensive, but high-value, crops like rice and sugarcane, leaving many poor farmers without water.
In any case, large dams mainly benefit farmers in the plains and not farmers in the hill and mountain regions (lands being up and down), which constitute a large part of land area where a number of poor farmers live.
The ultimate problem is that even ifthe most optimistic projections for large dams and inter-basin transfers were to become a reality, a very substantial part of India will not get irrigation facil ities. Uptil now, the Government has not come up with a real programme to address the problems farmers in existing rainfed agricultural lands face. It has simply left these farmers in misery, destitution and poverty. This is where the use of the local rainfall endowment and dependence on local water harvesting, whose potential is not small, to provide not only stability but also increase productivity is critical.

Which are the grey areas the government must look into besides building dams ?
(i) providing alternate establishment to the affected
(ii) ensuring equi-distribution of water to farmers
(iii) decision on cropping patterns
(iv) incentives for the workers engaged in dams' construction

Direction : Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words are given in bold to help you to locate them while answering some of the questions.
Every technology has its positive and negative sides. It is the social process that controls the use and application of a technology which determines whether a particular technology delivers more good than bad. Unfortunately, the social process controlling the use and application of large dams has been extremely weak in India. Studies on corruption show that corrupt institutions focus much more on the "hardware" of a technology rather than on its "software".
Whether it is corruption, incompetence or plain ignorance, it is a matter of fact that the software of the vast irrigational resources created by large dams has been totally ignored, especially the dimensions of equity and sustainability. How should the water be used? What should be the cropping patterns? How should the water be shared? How are we going to deal With the problem of resettlement? Many such questions remain unaddressed in large irrigation systems built around big dams. The problem of resettlement is going to grow, if nothing else, because of population growth. A watershed that supported one lakh people will today support probably three lakh people and, in the years to come, even more. Will it be easy to resettle so many people?
Many large dams, especially in the humid regions, have not brought many benefits. Even where they have boosted agricultural production, as in the arid, semi-arid and subhumid areas, the irrigational resources, in most cases, have been cornered by the more powerful farmers to grow waterintensive, but high-value, crops like rice and sugarcane, leaving many poor farmers without water.
In any case, large dams mainly benefit farmers in the plains and not farmers in the hill and mountain regions (lands being up and down), which constitute a large part of land area where a number of poor farmers live.
The ultimate problem is that even ifthe most optimistic projections for large dams and inter-basin transfers were to become a reality, a very substantial part of India will not get irrigation facil ities. Uptil now, the Government has not come up with a real programme to address the problems farmers in existing rainfed agricultural lands face. It has simply left these farmers in misery, destitution and poverty. This is where the use of the local rainfall endowment and dependence on local water harvesting, whose potential is not small, to provide not only stability but also increase productivity is critical.

Which of the following does not match with the thinking of the author ?

Direction : Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words are given in bold to help you to locate them while answering some of the questions.
Every technology has its positive and negative sides. It is the social process that controls the use and application of a technology which determines whether a particular technology delivers more good than bad. Unfortunately, the social process controlling the use and application of large dams has been extremely weak in India. Studies on corruption show that corrupt institutions focus much more on the "hardware" of a technology rather than on its "software".
Whether it is corruption, incompetence or plain ignorance, it is a matter of fact that the software of the vast irrigational resources created by large dams has been totally ignored, especially the dimensions of equity and sustainability. How should the water be used? What should be the cropping patterns? How should the water be shared? How are we going to deal With the problem of resettlement? Many such questions remain unaddressed in large irrigation systems built around big dams. The problem of resettlement is going to grow, if nothing else, because of population growth. A watershed that supported one lakh people will today support probably three lakh people and, in the years to come, even more. Will it be easy to resettle so many people?
Many large dams, especially in the humid regions, have not brought many benefits. Even where they have boosted agricultural production, as in the arid, semi-arid and subhumid areas, the irrigational resources, in most cases, have been cornered by the more powerful farmers to grow waterintensive, but high-value, crops like rice and sugarcane, leaving many poor farmers without water.
In any case, large dams mainly benefit farmers in the plains and not farmers in the hill and mountain regions (lands being up and down), which constitute a large part of land area where a number of poor farmers live.
The ultimate problem is that even ifthe most optimistic projections for large dams and inter-basin transfers were to become a reality, a very substantial part of India will not get irrigation facil ities. Uptil now, the Government has not come up with a real programme to address the problems farmers in existing rainfed agricultural lands face. It has simply left these farmers in misery, destitution and poverty. This is where the use of the local rainfall endowment and dependence on local water harvesting, whose potential is not small, to provide not only stability but also increase productivity is critical.

According to the author, on the whole, the dams

Direction : Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words are given in bold to help you to locate them while answering some of the questions.
Every technology has its positive and negative sides. It is the social process that controls the use and application of a technology which determines whether a particular technology delivers more good than bad. Unfortunately, the social process controlling the use and application of large dams has been extremely weak in India. Studies on corruption show that corrupt institutions focus much more on the "hardware" of a technology rather than on its "software".
Whether it is corruption, incompetence or plain ignorance, it is a matter of fact that the software of the vast irrigational resources created by large dams has been totally ignored, especially the dimensions of equity and sustainability. How should the water be used? What should be the cropping patterns? How should the water be shared? How are we going to deal With the problem of resettlement? Many such questions remain unaddressed in large irrigation systems built around big dams. The problem of resettlement is going to grow, if nothing else, because of population growth. A watershed that supported one lakh people will today support probably three lakh people and, in the years to come, even more. Will it be easy to resettle so many people?
Many large dams, especially in the humid regions, have not brought many benefits. Even where they have boosted agricultural production, as in the arid, semi-arid and subhumid areas, the irrigational resources, in most cases, have been cornered by the more powerful farmers to grow waterintensive, but high-value, crops like rice and sugarcane, leaving many poor farmers without water.
In any case, large dams mainly benefit farmers in the plains and not farmers in the hill and mountain regions (lands being up and down), which constitute a large part of land area where a number of poor farmers live.
The ultimate problem is that even ifthe most optimistic projections for large dams and inter-basin transfers were to become a reality, a very substantial part of India will not get irrigation facil ities. Uptil now, the Government has not come up with a real programme to address the problems farmers in existing rainfed agricultural lands face. It has simply left these farmers in misery, destitution and poverty. This is where the use of the local rainfall endowment and dependence on local water harvesting, whose potential is not small, to provide not only stability but also increase productivity is critical.

Give a suitable title to the passage.

Direction : Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words are given in bold to help you to locate them while answering some of the questions.
Every technology has its positive and negative sides. It is the social process that controls the use and application of a technology which determines whether a particular technology delivers more good than bad. Unfortunately, the social process controlling the use and application of large dams has been extremely weak in India. Studies on corruption show that corrupt institutions focus much more on the "hardware" of a technology rather than on its "software".
Whether it is corruption, incompetence or plain ignorance, it is a matter of fact that the software of the vast irrigational resources created by large dams has been totally ignored, especially the dimensions of equity and sustainability. How should the water be used? What should be the cropping patterns? How should the water be shared? How are we going to deal With the problem of resettlement? Many such questions remain unaddressed in large irrigation systems built around big dams. The problem of resettlement is going to grow, if nothing else, because of population growth. A watershed that supported one lakh people will today support probably three lakh people and, in the years to come, even more. Will it be easy to resettle so many people?
Many large dams, especially in the humid regions, have not brought many benefits. Even where they have boosted agricultural production, as in the arid, semi-arid and subhumid areas, the irrigational resources, in most cases, have been cornered by the more powerful farmers to grow waterintensive, but high-value, crops like rice and sugarcane, leaving many poor farmers without water.
In any case, large dams mainly benefit farmers in the plains and not farmers in the hill and mountain regions (lands being up and down), which constitute a large part of land area where a number of poor farmers live.
The ultimate problem is that even ifthe most optimistic projections for large dams and inter-basin transfers were to become a reality, a very substantial part of India will not get irrigation facil ities. Uptil now, the Government has not come up with a real programme to address the problems farmers in existing rainfed agricultural lands face. It has simply left these farmers in misery, destitution and poverty. This is where the use of the local rainfall endowment and dependence on local water harvesting, whose potential is not small, to provide not only stability but also increase productivity is critical.

Direction : Choose the word which is the same in meaning as the word given in bold as used in the passage.

Q. DELIVERS